使用 Koin 測試 Ktor
針對使用 Koin 進行相依注入的 Ktor 應用程式,進行測試的最佳實務。
測試配置
基本測試設定
kotlin
class UserServiceTest : KoinTest {
@get:Rule
val koinTestRule = KoinTestRule.create {
modules(testModule)
}
private val userService: UserService by inject()
@Test
fun `should return user`() {
val user = userService.getUser("123")
assertNotNull(user)
}
}
val testModule = module {
single<UserRepository> { MockUserRepository() }
singleOf(::UserService)
}使用 Ktor testApplication 進行測試
kotlin
class ApplicationTest {
@Test
fun `test hello endpoint`() = testApplication {
application {
install(Koin) {
modules(testModule)
}
configureRouting()
}
client.get("/hello?name=Test").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, status)
assertContains(bodyAsText(), "Test")
}
}
}在測試中使用隔離上下文 (Isolated Context)
每個測試都會獲得自己的隔離 Koin 執行個體:
kotlin
class UserRoutesTest {
@Test
fun `test user endpoint`() = testApplication {
application {
install(KoinIsolated) {
modules(testModule)
}
configureRouting()
}
client.get("/users/123").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, status)
}
}
}並行測試執行
透過隔離上下文,測試可以並行執行而不會互相干擾:
kotlin
class ParallelTests {
@Test
fun `test A`() = testApplication {
application {
install(KoinIsolated) {
modules(moduleA)
}
}
// ...
}
@Test
fun `test B`() = testApplication {
application {
install(KoinIsolated) {
modules(moduleB)
}
}
// ...
}
}模組驗證
在編譯期使用註解或在測試期驗證模組:
kotlin
class ModuleVerificationTest : KoinTest {
@Test
fun `verify all modules`() {
appModule.verify()
}
}包含額外型別
kotlin
@Test
fun `verify modules with extra types`() {
appModule.verify(
extraTypes = listOf(
ApplicationCall::class,
Application::class
)
)
}模擬相依性 (Mocking Dependencies)
使用測試模組
kotlin
val productionModule = module {
singleOf(::UserRepositoryImpl) bind UserRepository::class
singleOf(::UserService)
}
val testModule = module {
single<UserRepository> { MockUserRepository() }
singleOf(::UserService)
}使用 Mockk
kotlin
class UserServiceTest : KoinTest {
private val mockRepository = mockk<UserRepository>()
@get:Rule
val koinTestRule = KoinTestRule.create {
modules(module {
single { mockRepository }
singleOf(::UserService)
})
}
@Test
fun `should call repository`() {
val userService: UserService by inject()
every { mockRepository.findById("123") } returns User("123", "Test")
val user = userService.getUser("123")
verify { mockRepository.findById("123") }
assertEquals("Test", user?.name)
}
}測試請求作用域 (Request Scopes)
kotlin
class RequestScopeTest {
@Test
fun `test request scoped component`() = testApplication {
application {
install(Koin) {
modules(module {
singleOf(::UserService)
requestScope {
scopedOf(::RequestLogger)
}
})
}
routing {
get("/test") {
val logger = call.scope.get<RequestLogger>()
logger.log("Test message")
call.respondText("OK")
}
}
}
client.get("/test").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, status)
}
}
}使用 DI 橋接器 (Bridge) 進行測試
kotlin
class BridgeTest {
@Test
fun `test with bridge`() = testApplication {
application {
dependencies {
provide<Database> { MockDatabase() }
}
install(Koin) {
bridge {
koinToKtor()
}
modules(appModule)
}
configureRouting()
}
client.get("/users").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, status)
}
}
}完整測試範例
kotlin
class UserApiTest : KoinTest {
@Test
fun `should return all users`() = testApplication {
application {
install(KoinIsolated) {
modules(testModule)
}
routing {
val userService by inject<UserService>()
get("/api/users") {
call.respond(userService.getAllUsers())
}
}
}
client.get("/api/users").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, status)
val users = Json.decodeFromString<List<User>>(bodyAsText())
assertEquals(2, users.size)
}
}
@Test
fun `should return user by id`() = testApplication {
application {
install(KoinIsolated) {
modules(testModule)
}
routing {
val userService by inject<UserService>()
get("/api/users/{id}") {
val id = call.parameters["id"]!!
val user = userService.getUser(id)
?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
call.respond(user)
}
}
}
client.get("/api/users/1").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, status)
}
client.get("/api/users/999").apply {
assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, status)
}
}
}
val testModule = module {
single<UserRepository> {
MockUserRepository(
listOf(
User("1", "Alice", "[email protected]"),
User("2", "Bob", "[email protected]")
)
)
}
singleOf(::UserService)
}最佳實務
- 使用隔離上下文 — 防止測試干擾。
- 建立測試模組 — 使用模擬物件覆寫生產環境的相依性。
- 驗證模組 — 儘早發現配置錯誤。
- 清理 — 使用全域上下文的測試應在結束後停止 Koin。
- 並行安全 — 使用
KoinIsolated進行並行測試執行。
延伸閱讀
- Ktor 的 Koin — Ktor 主要文件
- 隔離上下文 — 隔離的 Koin 執行個體
- 測試 — 核心測試文件
