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從 1.6.x 遷移到 2.0.x

本指南提供如何將您的 Ktor 應用程式從 1.6.x 版本遷移到 2.0.x 的說明。

Ktor 伺服器

伺服器程式碼已移至 'io.ktor.server.*' 套件

為了統一並更好地區分伺服器與用戶端 API,伺服器程式碼已移至 io.ktor.server.* 套件 (KTOR-2865)。 這代表您需要更新應用程式中的相依性匯入,如下所示。

相依性

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
Locationsio.ktor:ktor-locationsio.ktor:ktor-server-locations
Webjarsio.ktor:ktor-webjarsio.ktor:ktor-server-webjars
AutoHeadResponseio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-auto-head-response
StatusPagesio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-status-pages
CallIdio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-call-id
DoubleReceiveio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-double-receive
HTML DSLio.ktor:ktor-html-builderio.ktor:ktor-server-html-builder
FreeMarkerio.ktor:ktor-freemarkerio.ktor:ktor-server-freemarker
Velocityio.ktor:ktor-velocityio.ktor:ktor-server-velocity
Mustacheio.ktor:ktor-mustacheio.ktor:ktor-server-mustache
Thymeleafio.ktor:ktor-thymeleafio.ktor:ktor-server-thymeleaf
Pebbleio.ktor:ktor-pebbleio.ktor:ktor-server-pebble
kotlinx.serializationio.ktor:ktor-serializationio.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation, io.ktor:ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json
Gsonio.ktor:ktor-gsonio.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation, io.ktor:ktor-serialization-gson
Jacksonio.ktor:ktor-jacksonio.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation, io.ktor:ktor-serialization-jackson
Authenticationio.ktor:ktor-authio.ktor:ktor-server-auth
JWT authenticationio.ktor:ktor-auth-jwtio.ktor:ktor-server-auth-jwt
LDAP authenticationio.ktor:ktor-auth-ldapio.ktor:ktor-server-auth-ldap
DataConversionio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-data-conversion
DefaultHeadersio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-default-headers
Compressionio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-compression
CachingHeadersio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-caching-headers
ConditionalHeadersio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-conditional-headers
CORSio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-cors
Forwarded headersio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-forwarded-header
HSTSio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-hsts
HttpsRedirectio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-http-redirect
PartialContentio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-partial-content
WebSocketsio.ktor:ktor-websocketsio.ktor:ktor-server-websockets
CallLoggingio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-call-logging
Micrometer metricio.ktor:ktor-metrics-micrometerio.ktor:ktor-server-metrics-micrometer
Dropwizard metricsio.ktor:ktor-metricsio.ktor:ktor-server-metrics
Sessionsio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-sessions

若要一次加入所有外掛程式,可以使用 io.ktor:ktor-server 構件。

匯入

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
Applicationimport io.ktor.application.*import io.ktor.server.application.*
Configurationimport io.ktor.config.*import io.ktor.server.config.*
Routingimport io.ktor.routing.*import io.ktor.server.routing.*
AutoHeadResponseimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.autohead.*
StatusPagesimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.statuspages.*
CallIdimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.callid.*
DoubleReceiveimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.doublereceive.*
Requestsimport io.ktor.request.*import io.ktor.server.request.*
Responsesimport io.ktor.response.*import io.ktor.server.response.*
Pluginsimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.*
Locationsimport io.ktor.locations.*import io.ktor.server.locations.*
Static contentimport io.ktor.http.content.*import io.ktor.server.http.content.*
HTML DSLimport io.ktor.html.*import io.ktor.server.html.*
FreeMarkerimport io.ktor.freemarker.*import io.ktor.server.freemarker.*
Velocityimport io.ktor.velocity.*import io.ktor.server.velocity.*
Mustacheimport io.ktor.mustache.*import io.ktor.server.mustache.*
Thymeleafimport io.ktor.thymeleaf.*import io.ktor.server.thymeleaf.*
Pebbleimport io.ktor.pebble.*import io.ktor.server.pebble.*
ContentNegotiationimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.contentnegotiation.*
kotlinx.serializationimport io.ktor.serialization.*import io.ktor.serialization.kotlinx.json.*
Gsonimport io.ktor.gson.*import io.ktor.serialization.gson.*
Jacksonimport io.ktor.jackson.*import io.ktor.serialization.jackson.*
Authenticationimport io.ktor.auth.*import io.ktor.server.auth.*
JWT authenticationimport io.ktor.auth.jwt.*import io.ktor.server.auth.jwt.*
LDAP authenticationimport io.ktor.auth.ldap.*import io.ktor.server.auth.ldap.*
Sessionsimport io.ktor.sessions.*import io.ktor.server.sessions.*
DefaultHeadersimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.defaultheaders.*
Compressionimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.compression.*
CachingHeadersimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.cachingheaders.*
ConditionalHeadersimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.conditionalheaders.*
CORSimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.cors.*
Forwarded headersimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.forwardedheaders.*
HSTSimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.hsts.*
HttpsRedirectimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.httpsredirect.*
PartialContentimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.partialcontent.*
WebSocketsimport io.ktor.websocket.*import io.ktor.server.websocket.*
CallLoggingimport io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.callloging.*
Micrometer metricimport io.ktor.metrics.micrometer.*import io.ktor.server.metrics.micrometer.*
Dropwizard metricsimport io.ktor.metrics.dropwizard.*import io.ktor.server.metrics.dropwizard.*

WebSockets 程式碼已移至 'websockets' 套件

WebSockets 程式碼已從 http-cio 移至 websockets 套件。這需要按照以下方式更新匯入:

1.6.x2.0.0
import io.ktor.http.cio.websocket.*import io.ktor.websocket.*

請注意,此變更也會影響用戶端

Feature 已重新命名為 Plugin

在 Ktor 2.0.0 中,Feature 已重新命名為 Plugin (外掛程式),以更準確地描述攔截請求/回應管線的功能 (KTOR-2326)。 這會影響整個 Ktor API,並需要按照以下說明更新您的應用程式。

匯入

安裝任何外掛程式都需要更新匯入,並且也取決於將伺服器程式碼移至 io.ktor.server.* 套件:

1.6.x2.0.0
import io.ktor.features.*import io.ktor.server.plugins.*

自訂外掛程式

將 Feature 重新命名為 Plugin 為與自訂外掛程式相關的 API 帶來了以下變更:

  • ApplicationFeature 介面已重新命名為 BaseApplicationPlugin
  • Features 管線階段已重新命名為 Plugins

請注意,從 v2.0.0 開始,Ktor 提供了用於建立自訂外掛程式的新 API。通常情況下,此 API 不需要理解 Ktor 的內部概念,例如管線、階段等。相反地,您可以透過各種處理常式(例如 onCallonCallReceiveonCallRespond 等)存取處理請求和回應的不同階段。您可以從本節了解管線階段如何對應到新 API 中的處理常式:管線階段到新 API 處理常式的映射

內容交涉與序列化

內容交涉與序列化的伺服器 API 經過重構,以便在伺服器和用戶端之間共用序列化程式庫。 主要變更為:

  • ContentNegotiation 已從 ktor-server-core 移至獨立的 ktor-server-content-negotiation 構件。
  • 序列化程式庫已從 ktor-* 移至 ktor-serialization-* 構件,用戶端也會使用這些構件。

您需要更新應用程式中的相依性匯入,如下所示。

相依性

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
ContentNegotiationio.ktor:ktor-server-coreio.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation
kotlinx.serializationio.ktor:ktor-serializationio.ktor:ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json
Gsonio.ktor:ktor-gsonio.ktor:ktor-serialization-gson
Jacksonio.ktor:ktor-jacksonio.ktor:ktor-serialization-jackson

匯入

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
kotlinx.serializationimport io.ktor.serialization.*import io.ktor.serialization.kotlinx.json.*
Gsonimport io.ktor.gson.*import io.ktor.serialization.gson.*
Jacksonimport io.ktor.jackson.*import io.ktor.serialization.jackson.*

自訂轉換器

ContentConverter 介面公開的函式簽章已按以下方式變更:

kotlin
interface ContentConverter {
    suspend fun convertForSend(context: PipelineContext<Any, ApplicationCall>, contentType: ContentType, value: Any): Any?
    suspend fun convertForReceive(context: PipelineContext<ApplicationReceiveRequest, ApplicationCall>): Any?
}
kotlin
interface ContentConverter {
    suspend fun serialize(contentType: ContentType, charset: Charset, typeInfo: TypeInfo, value: Any): OutgoingContent?
    suspend fun deserialize(charset: Charset, typeInfo: TypeInfo, content: ByteReadChannel): Any?
}

測試 API

在 v2.0.0 中,Ktor 伺服器使用新的 API 進行測試,這解決了 KTOR-971 中描述的各種問題。主要變更為:

  • withTestApplication/withApplication 函式已替換為新的 testApplication 函式。
  • testApplication 函式內部,您需要使用現有的 Ktor client 執行個體向伺服器發送請求並驗證結果。
  • 若要測試特定功能(例如 Cookie 或 WebSockets),您需要建立新的用戶端執行個體並安裝對應的外掛程式

讓我們看看將 1.6.x 測試遷移到 2.0.0 的幾個範例:

基本伺服器測試

在下方的測試中,handleRequest 函式被替換為 client.get 請求:

kotlin
@Test
fun testRootLegacyApi() {
    withTestApplication(Application::module) {
        handleRequest(HttpMethod.Get, "/").apply {
            assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.status())
            assertEquals("Hello, world!", response.content)
        }
    }
}
kotlin
@Test
fun testRoot() = testApplication {
    val response = client.get("/")
    assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.status)
    assertEquals("Hello, world!", response.bodyAsText())
}

x-www-form-urlencoded

在下方的測試中,handleRequest 函式被替換為 client.post 請求:

kotlin
@Test
fun testPostLegacyApi() = withTestApplication(Application::main) {
    with(handleRequest(HttpMethod.Post, "/signup"){
        addHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType, ContentType.Application.FormUrlEncoded.toString())
        setBody(listOf("username" to "JetBrains", "email" to "[email protected]", "password" to "foobar", "confirmation" to "foobar").formUrlEncode())
    }) {
        assertEquals("The 'JetBrains' account is created", response.content)
    }
}
kotlin
@Test
fun testPost() = testApplication {
    val response = client.post("/signup") {
        header(HttpHeaders.ContentType, ContentType.Application.FormUrlEncoded.toString())
        setBody(listOf("username" to "JetBrains", "email" to "[email protected]", "password" to "foobar", "confirmation" to "foobar").formUrlEncode())
    }
    assertEquals("The 'JetBrains' account is created", response.bodyAsText())
}

multipart/form-data

要在 v2.0.0 中建置 multipart/form-data,您需要將 MultiPartFormDataContent 傳遞給用戶端的 setBody 函式:

kotlin
    @Test
    fun testUploadLegacyApi() = withTestApplication(Application::main) {
        with(handleRequest(HttpMethod.Post, "/upload"){
            val boundary = "WebAppBoundary"
            val fileBytes = File("ktor_logo.png").readBytes()

            addHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType, ContentType.MultiPart.FormData.withParameter("boundary", boundary).toString())
            setBody(boundary, listOf(
                PartData.FormItem("Ktor logo", { }, headersOf(
                    HttpHeaders.ContentDisposition,
                    ContentDisposition.Inline
                        .withParameter(ContentDisposition.Parameters.Name, "description")
                        .toString()
                )),
                PartData.FileItem({ fileBytes.inputStream().asInput() }, {}, headersOf(
                    HttpHeaders.ContentDisposition,
                    ContentDisposition.File
                        .withParameter(ContentDisposition.Parameters.Name, "image")
                        .withParameter(ContentDisposition.Parameters.FileName, "ktor_logo.png")
                        .toString()
                ))
            ))
        }) {
            assertEquals("Ktor logo is uploaded to 'uploads/ktor_logo.png'", response.content)
        }
    }
kotlin
@Test
fun testUpload() = testApplication {
    val boundary = "WebAppBoundary"
    val response = client.post("/upload") {
        setBody(
            MultiPartFormDataContent(
                formData {
                    append("description", "Ktor logo")
                    append("image", File("ktor_logo.png").readBytes(), Headers.build {
                        append(HttpHeaders.ContentType, "image/png")
                        append(HttpHeaders.ContentDisposition, "filename=\"ktor_logo.png\"")
                    })
                },
                boundary,
                ContentType.MultiPart.FormData.withParameter("boundary", boundary)
            )
        )
    }
    assertEquals("Ktor logo is uploaded to 'uploads/ktor_logo.png'", response.bodyAsText())
}

JSON 資料

在 v.1.6.x 中,您可以使用 kotlinx.serialization 程式庫提供的 Json.encodeToString 函式來序列化 JSON 資料。 在 v2.0.0 中,您需要建立新的用戶端執行個體並安裝 ContentNegotiation 外掛程式,該外掛程式允許以特定格式序列化/反序列化內容:

kotlin
@Test
fun testPostCustomerLegacyApi() = withTestApplication(Application::main) {
    with(handleRequest(HttpMethod.Post, "/customer"){
        addHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType, ContentType.Application.Json.toString())
        setBody(Json.encodeToString(Customer(3, "Jet", "Brains")))
    }) {
        assertEquals("Customer stored correctly", response.content)
        assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.Created, response.status())
    }
}
kotlin
@Test
fun testPostCustomer() = testApplication {
    val client = createClient {
        install(ContentNegotiation) {
            json()
        }
    }
    val response = client.post("/customer") {
        contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
        setBody(Customer(3, "Jet", "Brains"))
    }
    assertEquals("Customer stored correctly", response.bodyAsText())
    assertEquals(HttpStatusCode.Created, response.status)
}

在測試期間保留 Cookie

在 v1.6.x 中,cookiesSession 用於在測試時於請求之間保留 Cookie。在 v2.0.0 中,您需要建立新的用戶端執行個體並安裝 HttpCookies 外掛程式:

kotlin
    @Test
    fun testRequestsLegacyApi() = withTestApplication(Application::main) {
        fun doRequestAndCheckResponse(path: String, expected: String) {
            handleRequest(HttpMethod.Get, path).apply {
                assertEquals(expected, response.content)
            }
        }

        cookiesSession {
            handleRequest(HttpMethod.Get, "/login") {}.apply {}
            doRequestAndCheckResponse("/user", "Session ID is 123abc. Reload count is 0.")
            doRequestAndCheckResponse("/user", "Session ID is 123abc. Reload count is 1.")
            doRequestAndCheckResponse("/user", "Session ID is 123abc. Reload count is 2.")

            handleRequest(HttpMethod.Get, "/logout").apply {}
            doRequestAndCheckResponse("/user", "Session doesn't exist or is expired.")
        }
    }
kotlin
    @Test
    fun testRequests() = testApplication {
        val client = createClient {
            install(HttpCookies)
        }

        val loginResponse = client.get("/login")
        val response1 = client.get("/user")
        assertEquals("Session ID is 123abc. Reload count is 1.", response1.bodyAsText())
        val response2 = client.get("/user")
        assertEquals("Session ID is 123abc. Reload count is 2.", response2.bodyAsText())
        val response3 = client.get("/user")
        assertEquals("Session ID is 123abc. Reload count is 3.", response3.bodyAsText())
        val logoutResponse = client.get("/logout")
        assertEquals("Session doesn't exist or is expired.", logoutResponse.bodyAsText())
    }

WebSockets

在舊版 API 中,handleWebSocketConversation 用於測試 WebSocket 對話。在 v2.0.0 中,您可以透過使用用戶端提供的 WebSockets 外掛程式來測試 WebSocket 對話:

kotlin
    @Test
    fun testConversationLegacyApi() {
        withTestApplication(Application::module) {
            handleWebSocketConversation("/echo") { incoming, outgoing ->
                val greetingText = (incoming.receive() as Frame.Text).readText()
                assertEquals("Please enter your name", greetingText)

                outgoing.send(Frame.Text("JetBrains"))
                val responseText = (incoming.receive() as Frame.Text).readText()
                assertEquals("Hi, JetBrains!", responseText)
            }
        }
    }
kotlin
    @Test
    fun testConversation() {
        testApplication {
            val client = createClient {
                install(WebSockets)
            }

            client.webSocket("/echo") {
                val greetingText = (incoming.receive() as? Frame.Text)?.readText() ?: ""
                assertEquals("Please enter your name", greetingText)

                send(Frame.Text("JetBrains"))
                val responseText = (incoming.receive() as Frame.Text).readText()
                assertEquals("Hi, JetBrains!", responseText)
            }
        }
    }

DoubleReceive

在 v2.0.0 中,DoubleReceive 外掛程式配置引入了 cacheRawRequest 屬性,其作用與 receiveEntireContent 相反:

  • 在 v1.6.x 中,receiveEntireContent 屬性預設為 false
  • 在 v2.0.0 中,cacheRawRequest 預設為 truereceiveEntireContent 屬性已被移除。

Forwarded headers

在 v2.0.0 中,ForwardedHeaderSupportXForwardedHeaderSupport 外掛程式分別重新命名為 ForwardedHeadersXForwardedHeaders

Caching headers

用於定義快取選項的 options 函式,除了 OutgoingContent 之外,現在還接受 ApplicationCall 作為 Lambda 引數:

kotlin
install(CachingHeaders) {
    options { outgoingContent ->
        // ...
    }
}
kotlin
install(CachingHeaders) {
    options { call, outgoingContent ->
        // ...
    }
}

Conditional headers

用於定義資源版本清單的 version 函式,除了 OutgoingContent 之外,現在還接受 ApplicationCall 作為 Lambda 引數:

kotlin
install(ConditionalHeaders) {
    version { outgoingContent ->
        // ... 
    }
}
kotlin
install(ConditionalHeaders) {
    version { call, outgoingContent ->
        // ... 
    }
}

CORS

CORS 配置中使用的多個函式已被重新命名:

  • host -> allowHost
  • header -> allowHeader
  • method -> allowMethod
kotlin
install(CORS) {
    host("0.0.0.0:5000")
    header(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
    method(HttpMethod.Options)
}
kotlin
install(CORS) {
    allowHost("0.0.0.0:5000")
    allowHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
    allowMethod(HttpMethod.Options)
}

MicrometerMetrics

在 v1.6.x 中,baseName 屬性用於指定用於監控 HTTP 請求的 Ktor 指標的基準名稱(前綴)。 預設情況下,其值為 ktor.http.server。 在 v2.0.0 中,baseName 已替換為 metricName,其預設值為 ktor.http.server.requests

Ktor 用戶端

請求與回應

在 v2.0.0 中,用於發送請求和接收回應的 API 已更新,使其更具一致性且易於發現 (KTOR-29)。

請求函式

具有多個參數的請求函式已被棄用。例如,portpath 參數需要替換為 HttpRequestBuilder 公開的 url 參數:

kotlin
client.get(port = 8080, path = "/customer/3")
kotlin
client.get { url(port = 8080, path = "/customer/3") }

HttpRequestBuilder 還允許您在請求函式 Lambda 內部指定額外的請求參數

請求主體

用於設定請求主體HttpRequestBuilder.body 屬性已被 HttpRequestBuilder.setBody 函式替換:

kotlin
client.post("http://localhost:8080/post") {
    body = "Body content"
}
kotlin
client.post("http://localhost:8080/post") {
    setBody("Body content")
}

回應

在 v2.0.0 中,請求函式(如 getpostputsubmitForm 等)不接受用於接收特定類型物件的泛型引數。 現在所有請求函式都回傳一個 HttpResponse 物件,該物件公開了具有泛型引數的 body 函式,用於接收特定類型的執行個體。 您也可以使用 bodyAsTextbodyAsChannel 將內容作為字串或通道接收。

kotlin
val httpResponse: HttpResponse = client.get("https://ktor.io/")
val stringBody: String = httpResponse.receive()
val byteArrayBody: ByteArray = httpResponse.receive()
kotlin
val httpResponse: HttpResponse = client.get("https://ktor.io/")
val stringBody: String = httpResponse.body()
val byteArrayBody: ByteArray = httpResponse.body()

安裝 ContentNegotiation 外掛程式後,您可以按如下方式接收任意物件:

kotlin
val customer: Customer = client.get("http://localhost:8080/customer/3")
kotlin
val customer: Customer = client.get("http://localhost:8080/customer/3").body()

串流回應

由於從請求函式中移除了泛型引數,接收串流回應需要單獨的函式。 為了實現這一點,新增了帶有 prepare 前綴的函式,例如 prepareGetpreparePost

kotlin
public suspend fun HttpClient.prepareGet(builder: HttpRequestBuilder): HttpStatement
public suspend fun HttpClient.preparePost(builder: HttpRequestBuilder): HttpStatement

以下範例顯示在這種情況下如何變更您的程式碼:

kotlin
client.get<HttpStatement>("https://ktor.io/").execute { httpResponse ->
    val channel: ByteReadChannel = httpResponse.receive()
    while (!channel.isClosedForRead) {
        // Read data
    }
}
kotlin
client.prepareGet("https://ktor.io/").execute { httpResponse ->
    val channel: ByteReadChannel = httpResponse.body()
    while (!channel.isClosedForRead) {
        // Read data
    }
}

您可以在此處找到完整的範例:串流資料

回應驗證

在 v2.0.0 中,用於回應驗證expectSuccess 屬性預設為 false。 這需要對您的程式碼進行以下變更:

  • 若要啟用預設驗證並對非 2xx 回應拋出例外,請將 expectSuccess 屬性設定為 true
  • 如果您使用 handleResponseExceptionWithRequest 處理非 2xx 例外,您也需要明確啟用 expectSuccess

HttpResponseValidator

handleResponseException 函式已替換為 handleResponseExceptionWithRequest,這增加了對 HttpRequest 的存取權,以便在例外中提供額外資訊:

kotlin
HttpResponseValidator {
    handleResponseException { exception ->
        // ...
    }
}
kotlin
HttpResponseValidator {
    handleResponseExceptionWithRequest { exception, request ->
        // ...
    }
}

內容交涉與序列化

Ktor 用戶端現在支援內容交涉,並與 Ktor 伺服器共用序列化程式庫。 主要變更為:

  • JsonFeature 已被棄用,取而代之的是 ContentNegotiation,可在 ktor-client-content-negotiation 構件中找到。
  • 序列化程式庫已從 ktor-client-* 移至 ktor-serialization-* 構件。

您需要更新用戶端程式碼中的相依性匯入,如下所示。

相依性

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
ContentNegotiationn/aio.ktor:ktor-client-content-negotiation
kotlinx.serializationio.ktor:ktor-client-serializationio.ktor:ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json
Gsonio.ktor:ktor-client-gsonio.ktor:ktor-serialization-gson
Jacksonio.ktor:ktor-client-jacksonio.ktor:ktor-serialization-jackson

匯入

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
ContentNegotiationn/aimport io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.*
kotlinx.serializationimport io.ktor.client.features.json.*import io.ktor.serialization.kotlinx.json.*
Gsonimport io.ktor.client.features.json.*import io.ktor.serialization.gson.*
Jacksonimport io.ktor.client.features.json.*import io.ktor.serialization.jackson.*

Bearer 身分驗證

refreshTokens 函式現在使用 RefreshTokenParams 執行個體作為 Lambda 接收者 (this),而非 HttpResponse Lambda 引數 (it):

kotlin
bearer {
    refreshTokens {  // it: HttpResponse
        // ...
    }
}
kotlin
bearer {
    refreshTokens { // this: RefreshTokenParams
        // ...
    }
}

RefreshTokenParams 公開了以下屬性:

  • response 以存取回應參數;
  • client 以發送請求來重新整理權杖;
  • oldTokens 以存取使用 loadTokens 取得的權杖。

HttpSend

HttpSend 外掛程式的 API 變更如下:

kotlin
client[HttpSend].intercept { originalCall, request ->
    if (originalCall.something()) {
        val newCall = execute(request)
        // ...
    }
}
kotlin
client.plugin(HttpSend).intercept { request ->
    val originalCall = execute(request)
    if (originalCall.something()) {
        val newCall = execute(request)
        // ...
    }
}

請注意,在 v2.0.0 中,索引存取不適用於存取外掛程式。請改用 HttpClient.plugin 函式。

HttpClient.get(plugin: HttpClientPlugin) 函式已移除

在 2.0.0 版本中,接受用戶端外掛程式的 HttpClient.get 函式已被移除。請改用 HttpClient.plugin 函式。

kotlin
client.get(HttpSend).intercept { ... }
// 或
client[HttpSend].intercept { ... }
kotlin
client.plugin(HttpSend).intercept { ... }

Feature 已重新命名為 Plugin

與 Ktor 伺服器相同,在用戶端 API 中,Feature 已重新命名為 Plugin。 這可能會影響您的應用程式,如下所示。

匯入

更新用於安裝外掛程式的匯入:

子系統1.6.x2.0.0
  • Default request
    The DefaultRequest plugin allows you to configure default parameters for all requests.
  • User agent
    undefined
  • Charsets
    undefined
  • Response validation
    Learn how to validate a response depending on its status code.
  • Timeout
    Code example: %example_name%
  • HttpCache
    The HttpCache plugin allows you to save previously fetched resources in an in-memory or persistent cache.
  • HttpSend
    Code example: %example_name%
import io.ktor.client.features.*import io.ktor.client.plugins.*
身分驗證
The Auth plugin handles authentication and authorization in your client application.
import io.ktor.client.features.auth.* import io.ktor.client.features.auth.providers.* import io.ktor.client.plugins.auth.* import io.ktor.client.plugins.auth.providers.*
Cookies
The HttpCookies plugin handles cookies automatically and keep them between calls in a storage.
import io.ktor.client.features.cookies.*import io.ktor.client.plugins.cookies.*
Logging
Required dependencies: io.ktor:ktor-client-logging Code example: %example_name%
import io.ktor.client.features.logging.*import io.ktor.client.plugins.logging.*
WebSockets
The Websockets plugin allows you to create a multi-way communication session between a server and a client.
import io.ktor.client.features.websocket.*import io.ktor.client.plugins.websocket.*
Content encoding
The ContentEncoding plugin allows you to enable specified compression algorithms (such as 'gzip' and 'deflate') and configure their settings.
import io.ktor.client.features.compression.*import io.ktor.client.plugins.compression.*

自訂外掛程式

HttpClientFeature 介面已重新命名為 HttpClientPlugin

用於 Native 目標的新記憶體模型

在 v2.0.0 中,在 Native 目標上使用 Ktor 用戶端需要啟用新的 Kotlin/Native 記憶體模型:啟用新 MM

從 v2.2.0 開始,新的 Kotlin/Native 記憶體模型已預設啟用

'Ios' 引擎已重新命名為 'Darwin'

鑑於 Ios 引擎不僅鎖定 iOS,還鎖定包括 macOS 或 tvOS 在內的其他作業系統,在 v2.0.0 中,它被重新命名為 Darwin。這導致了以下變更:

  • io.ktor:ktor-client-ios 構件已重新命名為 io.ktor:ktor-client-darwin
  • 要建立 HttpClient 執行個體,您需要傳遞 Darwin 類別作為引數。
  • IosClientEngineConfig 配置類別已重新命名為 DarwinClientEngineConfig

要了解如何配置 Darwin 引擎,請參閱 Darwin 章節。

WebSockets 程式碼已移至 'websockets' 套件

WebSockets 程式碼已從 http-cio 移至 websockets 套件。這需要按照以下方式更新匯入:

1.6.x2.0.0
import io.ktor.http.cio.websocket.*import io.ktor.websocket.*

預設請求

DefaultRequest 外掛程式使用 DefaultRequestBuilder 配置類別,而非 HttpRequestBuilder

kotlin
val client = HttpClient(CIO) {
    defaultRequest {
        // this: HttpRequestBuilder
    }
}
kotlin
val client = HttpClient(CIO) {
    defaultRequest {
        // this: DefaultRequestBuilder
    }
}