滚动条

你可以将滚动条应用于可滚动组件。滚动条和可滚动组件共享共同状态以彼此同步。

滚动修饰符

verticalScroll 和 horizontalScroll 修饰符提供了最简单的方式，允许用户在内容边界大于其最大尺寸约束时滚动元素。 你可以将 VerticalScrollbar 可组合项附加到使用 verticalScroll 修饰符的可滚动组件，并将 HorizontalScrollbar 可组合项附加到使用 horizontalScroll 修饰符的可滚动组件：

import androidx.compose.foundation.HorizontalScrollbar
import androidx.compose.foundation.VerticalScrollbar
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.horizontalScroll
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Spacer
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxHeight
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.width
import androidx.compose.foundation.rememberScrollState
import androidx.compose.foundation.rememberScrollbarAdapter
import androidx.compose.foundation.verticalScroll
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowState
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication

fun main() = singleWindowApplication(
    title = "Scrollbars",
    state = WindowState(width = 300.dp, height = 310.dp)
) {
    Box(
        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
            .background(color = Color(180, 180, 180))
            .padding(10.dp)
    ) {
        val stateVertical = rememberScrollState(0)
        val stateHorizontal = rememberScrollState(0)

        Box(
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxSize()
                .verticalScroll(stateVertical)
                .padding(end = 12.dp, bottom = 12.dp)
                .horizontalScroll(stateHorizontal)
        ) {
            Column {
                for (item in 0..30) {
                    TextBox("Item #$item")
                    if (item < 30) {
                        Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(5.dp))
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        VerticalScrollbar(
            modifier = Modifier.align(Alignment.CenterEnd)
                .fillMaxHeight(),
            adapter = rememberScrollbarAdapter(stateVertical)
        )
        HorizontalScrollbar(
            modifier = Modifier.align(Alignment.BottomStart)
                .fillMaxWidth()
                .padding(end = 12.dp),
            adapter = rememberScrollbarAdapter(stateHorizontal)
        )
    }
}

@Composable
fun TextBox(text: String = "Item") {
    Box(
        modifier = Modifier.height(32.dp)
            .width(400.dp)
            .background(color = Color(0, 0, 0, 20))
            .padding(start = 10.dp),
        contentAlignment = Alignment.CenterStart
    ) {
        Text(text = text)
    }
}

你可以通过拖动滚动条和使用鼠标滚轮或触控板来移动滚动条。要用鼠标移动水平滚动条，请侧击滚轮或按住 。

惰性可滚动组件

你还可以将滚动条与惰性可滚动组件一起使用，例如 LazyColumn 和 LazyRow。 当列表项很多时，惰性组件的效率会高得多，因为它们只在需要时才组合这些项。

import androidx.compose.foundation.VerticalScrollbar
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Spacer
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxHeight
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyColumn
import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.rememberLazyListState
import androidx.compose.foundation.rememberScrollbarAdapter
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberWindowState

fun main() = application {
    Window(
        onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication,
        title = "Scrollbars",
        state = rememberWindowState(width = 300.dp, height = 310.dp)
    ) {
        LazyScrollable()
    }
}

@Composable
fun LazyScrollable() {
    Box(
        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
            .background(color = Color(180, 180, 180))
            .padding(10.dp)
    ) {

        val state = rememberLazyListState()

        LazyColumn(Modifier.fillMaxSize().padding(end = 12.dp), state) {
            items(1000) { x ->
                TextBox("Item #$x")
                Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(5.dp))
            }
        }
        VerticalScrollbar(
            modifier = Modifier.align(Alignment.CenterEnd).fillMaxHeight(),
            adapter = rememberScrollbarAdapter(
                scrollState = state
            )
        )
    }
}

@Composable
fun TextBox(text: String = "Item") {
    Box(
        modifier = Modifier.height(32.dp)
            .fillMaxWidth()
            .background(color = Color(0, 0, 0, 20))
            .padding(start = 10.dp),
        contentAlignment = Alignment.CenterStart
    ) {
        Text(text = text)
    }
}

已知局限

目前，使用触摸屏、触控板和轨迹板的滚动被视为鼠标事件，这可能导致故障和局限，例如缺乏捏拉缩放。我们正在持续改进输入和手势处理，并计划为这些输入设备引入原生支持：

• 原生支持触摸屏 (CMP-1609)
• 原生支持触控板和轨迹板 (CMP-1610)

后续内容

探索关于其他桌面组件的教程。